How it works
Investor lends capital to issuer for coupon and principal repayment terms.
Typical use: Income and duration-based portfolio balancing.
How money is made/lost: Coupon payments and price changes.
Bonds
Debt instruments issued by governments or companies.
Difficulty and risk
Complexity: Intermediate
Beginner friendliness: Learn-first
Risk level: Moderate
Return drivers and key risks
- • Interest rates
- • Credit spreads
- • Inflation expectations
- • Interest-rate risk
- • Credit/default risk
- • FX risk for foreign bonds
Costs, fees, and Ghanaian considerations
- • Spread
- • Custody
- • Broker fees
- • Hard-currency debt can reduce or increase GHS outcomes through FX
Tax and source notes
- • Coupon tax treatment varies by jurisdiction
Data status: Taxonomy only; live global market feed not connected in Foundation v1.
Educational content only. Not investment, tax, legal, or broker-selection advice.